Lower Elementary Curriculum

Year 2 :
Subjects are Math, Language, History, Citizenship, Geography, & Science

Math

Fundamentals of Decimal System

• Counting 1 - 1,000
• Skip Counting 1-10's
• Place Value up to 9,999,999
• Hierarchy of Decimal System Material
• Ordinal Numbers

Operations - Addition

• Addition up to 2-4-digit addends static (Stamp Game, Dot Board, Small Bead Frame, Large Bead Frame, Golden Mat)
• Addition of 2-4 digit addends dynamic (Stamp Game, Dot Board, Small Bead Frame, Large Bead Frame, Golden Mat)
• Addition of Multiple Addends
• Memorization of Math Facts - Addends between 1-10 (Bead Bars, Flash Cards, Games, Addition Charts, etc.)
• Associative and Commutative Properties of Addition
• Passage to Abstraction

Operations - Subtraction

• Subtraction up to four-digit numbers static (Stamp Game, Dot Board, Small Bead Frame, Large Bead Frame, Golden Mat)
• Subtraction of two four-digit numbers dynamic (Stamp Game, Dot Board, Small Bead Frame, Large Bead Frame, Golden Mat)
• Memorization of Math Facts 1-18 (Bead Bars, Negative Snake Game, Flash Cards, Subtraction Cards, etc.)
• Missing Subtrahend, Minuend and Difference
• Passage to Abstraction

Operations - Multiplication

• Multiplication of a 4-digit number by a 1-digit multiplier (Stamp Game, Small Bead Frame, Large Bead Frame, Checkerboard, Golden Mat)
• Multiplication of a 4-digit number by 2-digit multiplier (Stamp Game, Small Bead Frame, Large Bead Frame, Checkerboard, Golden Mat)
• Memorization of Math Facts Tables 1-10: (Bead Bars, Multiplication Charts, Flash Cards, Decanomial, Games, etc.)
• Missing Factors
• Passage to Abstraction

Operations - Division

• Process of Division
• Division of a 2 digit number without a remainder (Golden Bead, Stamp Game, Racks and Tubes, Stamp Game, Golden Mat)
• Division up to a 2 digit number with a remainder (Golden Beads, Racks and Tubes, Stamp Game, Golden Mat)
• Division Memorization - Facts of Divisors 1-9 (Unit Division Board, Division

Fractions

• Introduction to Fractions
• Recognition of Fractions: Concrete Material and Symbol
• Fraction Skittles
• Fraction Circles
• Equivalences
• Fraction Circle Box
• Fractions: Addition with Like Denominators (Fraction Circles, Fraction Circle Box)
• Fractions: Subtraction of Like Denominators (Fraction Circles, Fraction Circle Box)
• Fractions: Addition with Unlike Denominators (Fraction Circles, Fraction Circle Box)
• Fractions: Subtraction with Unlike Denominators (Fraction Circles, Fraction Circle Box)
• Fraction Equivalences: (Fraction Circles, Fraction Circle Box)
• Rounding Numbers

Problem Solving

• Addition Word Problems
• Subtraction World Problems
• Multiplication Word Problems
• Multi-Step
• Patterns
• Tables

Money

• Identifying Units of Currency
• Counting Money
• Making Change
• Adding Money
• Subtracting Money
• Multiplying Money

Measurement

• Linear Measurement: Inch, Foot, Yard, and Mile
• Liquid: Cup, Pint, Quart and Gallon
• Dry: Teaspoon, Tablespoon, and Cup
• Using a Trundle Wheel
• Weight: Ounce, Pound
• Volume: Sensorial
• Temperature: Fahrenheit
• Practical Applications: Cooking and Science

Graphing

• Line of Graphs
• Picture Graphs
• Bar Graph
• Ordered Pairs

Inequalities

• Greater Than
• Less Than
• Equal To...

Geometry

• Recognition and Nomenclature of Geometric Figures - 3D
• Lines
• Angles
• Can Identify Regular Polygons through the Decagon
• Can Identify Irregular Polygons through the Decagon
• Can Identify Quadrilaterals
• Construction of Geometric Figures
• Calculator Skills

Language

Speaking Skills

• Oral Reports
• Public Speaking
• Participating in Group Discussions

Listening Skills

• Following Directions
• Oral Comprehension

Comprehension

• Identifying Character's Feelings/Motives/Traits/Behaviors
• Summarize Plot,
• Identifying Problems
• Predictions
• Locating the Answer
• Getting the Facts
• Drawing Conclusions
• Working within Words
• Following Directions
• Sequencing
• Inferences
• Using the Context

Sentence Analysis

• Subject/Predicate

Handwriting

• Upper Case Manuscript
• Lower Case Manuscript
• Upper Case Cursive
• Lower Case Cursive
• Correct Spacing

Word Attack Skills

• Blends
• Digraphs
• Phonograms
• Short Vowel
• Long Vowel
• Silent E
• Puzzle Words
• Dipthongs

Grammar

• Function of Words - (Preposition, Conjunction, and Interjection)
• Grammar Boxes - (Noun, Article, Adjective, Verb and Pronoun)

Reading

• Simple Sentences
• Phonetic Readers
• Simple Non-Phonetic Readers
• Silent Reading
• Language Series
• Read Aloud/Literature Study
• Dolch Word List

Word Study

• Compound Words
• Contractions
• Antonyms
• Synonyms
• Dictionary Skills
• Classification
• Homophones
• Thesaurus
• Prefix
• Suffix

Spelling

• Rhyming Words
• Word Families
• Sight Words
• Phonetic Words

Punctuation

• Periods
• Question Marks
• Exclamations
• Paragraph Indentation
• Commas
• Quotation Marks

Capitalization

• Proper Nouns
• Initial Word
• Pronoun I
• Proper Adjectives

Alphabetization

• First, Second and Third Letter

Creative Writing

• Journals
• Simple Sentences
• Logical Noun Phrases
• Friendly Letter
• Paragraph
• Writing Workshop/Editing
• Webbing

Vocabulary

• Based on units of study in various curricula areas

History of Writing

History

Time

• Hours
• Minutes
• Seconds
• Passage
• Linear Calendar
• Days of the Week
• Months of the Year
• Seasons
• Personal Timeline
• Telling Time: Non-digital and Digital (Hour, Half-hour, Quarter Hour, Five Minutes, Minute)
• Fundamental Tenses
• BC/AD

Prehistory

• Big Bang/Creation Stories
• Formation of the Solar System
• Formation of the Earth
• Long Black Line
• Clock of Eras
• Timeline

Solar System

• Copernican Theory of Revolution
• Study of Nine Planets
• Revolution of the Plants
• Diameter of Planets
• Relative Size of Planets
• Mass of Planets
• Distance of Planets
• The Sun
• Stars

Citizenship

Science

Zoology

• Five Kingdoms
• Five Classes of Vertebrates Review of External Parts: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals
• Identification of Common Vertebrates: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals
• Continuation of Invertebrates
• Annelids
• Platyhelminthes
• Aschelminthes
• Arthropods: Insects, Crustaceans
• Mollusks: Snail, Clam, Octopus, Squid
• Echinoderms: Starfish, Sea Urchin, Sand Dollar
• Defense & Camouflage
• Animal Classification Charts
• Tree of Life

Botany

• Pollination
• Germination
• Photosynthesis
• Thallophytes: Algae, Fungi, Lichen
• Bryophytes: Liverworts, Mosses
• Pteridophytes: Ferns, Horsetails, Clubmosses
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms
• Tree of Life
• Classification Chart

Physical Science

• Light: Eye, Color, Reflection, Refraction, Shadows, Camera, Sundial
• Physics: Simple Machines, Technology
• Chemistry: Freezing, Melting, Currents, Matter, Mixtures, Solutions, Compounds, Periodic Table
• Sounds: Ear, Vibrations, Sound Waves, Pitch, Frequency
• Electricity: Static Electricity, Batteries, Resistance, Conductor/Insulator, Open/Closed Circuit, Series/Parallel Circuit, Magnetism
• Energy: Types: Potential/Kinetic, Atomic/Nuclear, Mechanical, Electrical, Magnetic, Thermal, Chemical and Conservation

Note: The science curriculum follows a three-year cycle. Year one includes light and physics. Year two includes energy and chemistry. Year three includes sound and electricity.

Geography

Political Geography

• Continents: (in-depth study of two continents per year)
• Puzzle Maps
• Outline Maps
• Compass Directions/Skills: N,S,E, & W, NE, NW, SE, SW
• Maps Skills: Atlas Skills, Street Maps, Highway Maps, Contour Map
• Flag Study: Flag as Symbol, Parts, Flags of Relevant Continents Studied

Physical Geography

• Land and Water Forms: Cape, Bay, Island, Lake, Isthmus, Strait, Gulf, Peninsula
• Land, Water & Air
• Interior of the Earth: Layers of the Earth
• Geographical Features: Mountains, Foothills, Valley, Plateau, Canyon, Mesa, River, Volcano, Crater Lake, Archipelago, System of Lakes
• Volcanoes: Parts of a Volcano
• Climates: Study Relevant Climates of Continents Being Studied
• Environments/Biomes: Study Relevant Climates of Continents Being Studied

Cultural Geography

• Needs of People: Introduction to Material/Spiritual Needs - Shelter, Clothing, Transportation, Self-Defense, Food, Art, Music
• Holiday Study

Note: The continents are studied in a 3-year cycle. Year one includes North America and Europe. Two year includes Asia, Australia and Antarctica. Year three includes South America and Africa.